User Manual OCTA Jackpot Controller W EB-Interface 45MSxxxPC-0009aEN – for Software Version OJPSR-9 Document Status:
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Lufkin Well Manager™ 2.0 Rod Pump Controller User Manual
BHGE Document # 099.0081, Rev. 3
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Table of Contents Section 1: General Information Manual Overview . 1-3 Copyright Notice. 1-3 Limited Warranty . 1-3 Notes, Cautions, and Warnings. 1-4 Notes . 1-4 Cautions. 1-4 Warnings. 1-5
Illustrations and Photographs. 1-5 Safety Guidelines. 1-5 Technical Support . 1-6
Section 2: System Overview Section Overview. 2-3 System Description . 2-3 Operation Modes. 2-4 Communication Protocol . 2-8
Operator Interface. 2-9 Keypad . 2-9 LCD Display. 2-10 Control Parameter Programming . 2-12
Mobile Display Options . 2-13 Laptop Computers . 2-13 Smartphones and Tablets . 2-18
Internal System Components . 2-19 Communication Gateway . 2-20 Controller Module . 2-21 HMI Module. 2-22 Remote Communication Device . 2-22 Power Supply . 2-22 Terminal Blocks . 2-23
Digital Transducers . 2-23 Polished Rod Load Cell. 2-23 Hall-Effect Transducers. 2-23
Lufkin Well Manager™ 2.0 Rod Pump Controller User Manual
Section 3: Technical Specifications Section Overview. 3-3 Enclosure . 3-3 Environmental Operating Range. 3-3 Power Requirements. 3-3 Communication Gateway and HMI. 3-4 Mark VIe GP Controller with Local I/O . 3-5 Certifications. 3-6
Section 4: Installation and Wiring Section Overview. 4-3 System Components. 4-3 Site Selection . 4-3 Installing the Mounting Post . 4-4 Required Tools. 4-4 Installation Procedure . 4-4
Installing the Lufkin Well Manager 2.0 Controller . 4-5 Required Tools. 4-5 Recommended Wiring Specifications. 4-5 Installation Procedure . 4-7
Installing Motor Control Relay and Optional Relays. 4-9 Tools Required. 4-9 Installation Procedure . 4-9
Installing the Polished Rod Load Cell . 4-10 Tools Required. 4-10 Installation Procedure . 4-11
Installing the Motor RPM Hall-Effect Transducer . 4-13 Tools Required. 4-13 Parts Required . 4-13 Installation Procedure . 4-13
Installing the Crank Arm Hall-Effect Transducer. 4-15 Tools Required. 4-15 Installation Procedure . 4-15
Power Wiring. 4-18 System Grounding . 4-18 Signal Wiring. 4-20 Load Cell Cable . 4-21 Hall-Effect Sensor Cables . 4-21 Shielded Cables . 4-21
Relay Wiring . 4-22 Wiring Diagram . 4-22
Section 5: Quick Start Feature Section Overview. 5-3 Parameter Programming. 5-3 Starting the Quick Start Procedure. 5-4 Operational Limits 1 . 5-5 Operational Limits 2 . 5-9 Operational Limits 3 . 5-10 Load and Position Configuration . 5-12 Prime Mover Configuration. 5-13 Pumping Unit Configuration. 5-14 Rod Taper Configuration . 5-19 LWT/PIP Parameters. 5-21 LWT/PIP Parameters 1/3 Screen. 5-21 LWT/PIP Parameters 2/3 Screen. 5-23
Variable Speed Drive Selection . 5-27 VSD Parameter Settings. 5-28 VSD Application Miscellaneous Control Settings . 5-30 Motor Data . 5-32 VSD Control Settings . 5-33 Start Motor. 5-34 Reference NREV Calibration. 5-35 Dynagraph Configuration . 5-36 Surface Card. 5-36 Downhole Card. 5-40 Both Cards. 5-41
Completing the Quick Start Procedure. 5-41
Section 6: Operation Section Overview. 6-3 System Starting and Stopping . 6-3 Reset Malfunction. 6-4 Log In/Log Out . 6-5
Lufkin Well Manager™ 2.0 Rod Pump Controller User Manual
Section 7: System Configuration Section Overview. 7-3 System Menu Screens . 7-3 Date and Time . 7-4 Daylight Savings Time . 7-4 Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) . 7-5
Version and Serial Number. 7-6 Reset Settings. 7-6 Resetting Controller Parameters. 7-7 Resetting Alarms . 7-8
Unit Preferences . 7-8 Manage Users . 7-9 Add User . 7-11 Remove User . 7-12 Edit User . 7-13 Edit Administrator Functions . 7-14 Enable/Disable Users . 7-15
Keypad Diagnostic . 7-16 Sleep Configuration . 7-17 Advanced Features . 7-18 USB Card/Register Log. 7-19
Section 8: Controller Programming Section Overview. 8-3 Overview of Parameter Programming . 8-3 RPC Programming. 8-4 Site Information . 8-5 Pumping System Configuration . 8-5 Load/Position Configuration. 8-18 Operational Limits Configuration. 8-24 VSD Configuration . 8-31 Gauge-Off Time and Peak Energy Management . 8-47
RPC Miscellaneous I/O. 8-48 Miscellaneous Applications . 8-49 Function Block Programming. 8-50 Pump Tag Mitigation . 8-52
General I/O Programming . 8-55 Analog Input Configuration . 8-56 Analog Output Configuration . 8-57 Digital Configuration . 8-59
Accumulator Configuration . 8-60 Pseudo Digital Input Configuration. 8-63
Communication Setup. 8-64 Radio Port Configuration . 8-64 Network Configuration . 8-67 Modbus Master Configuration . 8-67 VSD Communication . 8-72
Default Parameter Values . 8-73
Section 9: Status Screens Section Overview. 9-3 Main Status Data Screens. 9-3 Well Status. 9-3 Violation Status. 9-7 Stroke Status. 9-9 Control Override Status . 9-10
Event Data . 9-11 System Event Log. 9-12 Shutdown Event Log . 9-12 Alarm Event Log . 9-13 RPC Event Log . 9-13 VSD Trip Log . 9-14
VSD Status . 9-16 Drive Status and Trip Code Help . 9-16 Reset Drive Fault. 9-16 Configuration Mismatch. 9-16 Sectional Speed . 9-18 Fluid Pound Avoidance . 9-18
Supplemental Status . 9-21 Gearbox Torque . 9-22 Modbus Master. 9-23
Production Status. 9-24 Inferred Production Status. 9-24 Pump Intake Pressure Status . 9-24
Hardware Input/Output Status. 9-26 Analog Input Status . 9-27 Analog Output Status . 9-28 Accumulator Status . 9-29 Digital Input/Output Status . 9-31 Pseudo Digital Input Status . 9-32 RPC I/O Status. 9-33
Historical Status . 9-34
Lufkin Well Manager™ 2.0 Rod Pump Controller User Manual
Section 10: Dynagraph Screens Section Overview. 10-3 Dynagraph Screen. 10-3 Surface Card . 10-3 Downhole Card . 10-8 Both Cards . 10-10
Historical Dynagraph Cards . 10-11 Malfunction Cards . 10-11 Stored Cards . 10-12 Pump Up Cards . 10-14 Start Cards . 10-15 Shutdown Cards . 10-16
Section 11: Historical Status Data Section Overview. 11-3 Historical Data Description. 11-3 RPC Data . 11-5 Previous 60 Days . 11-5 24 Hour VSD Speed . 11-12 24 Hour On/Off Percentage Runtime. 11-13 Last 400 Loads . 11-13 Last 2880 Average PIP . 11-14
Auxiliary Function Data . 11-15 Analog Input 24 Hour . 11-16 Analog Input 60 Day . 11-16 Accumulator 24 Hour . 11-17 Accumulator 60 Day . 11-18
Section 12: Well States Section Overview. 12-3 Types of Well States. 12-3 Well States Involved in Downtime. 12-3 Well States Involved in Malfunctions. 12-3 Well States Not Observed . 12-3
Well State Descriptions. 12-4
Section 13: Troubleshooting Section Overview. 13-3 Well States . 13-3 Load/Position Data and Dynagraphs. 13-3
Setpoint Violations and Malfunctions. 13-4 Inputs to the LWM 2.0 Controller . 13-5 Load Signal Input. 13-5 Load Cell and Cable. 13-6 Digital Position Signal Inputs . 13-7
Outputs from the LWM 2.0 Controller. 13-8
Appendix A: Pump Intake Pressure and Lufkin Well Test Theory Appendix Overview . A-3 Overview of PIP and LWT . A-3 Theory of PIP Calculated from Downhole Card . A-3 Theory of LWT Calculated from a Downhole Card . A-7 Advanced LWT Algorithm . A-7 Basic LWT Algorithm. A-8 Calibration (K) Factor . A-10
Consider Formation Pressure Query Feature. A-10 Case 1 . A-12 Case 2 . A-12
Appendix B: GEIP Module Documentation
Lufkin Well Manager™ 2.0 Rod Pump Controller User Manual
General Information Manual Overview. 1-3 Copyright Notice . 1-3 Limited Warranty. 1-3 Notes, Cautions, and Warnings . 1-4 Illustrations and Photographs . 1-5 Safety Guidelines . 1-5 Technical Support. 1-6
Lufkin Well Manager™ 2.0 Rod Pump Controller User Manual
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Manual Overview This manual provides a complete description of the Lufkin Well Manager 2.0 system and the steps required for installing, wiring, and configuring this system.
Copyright Notice Information in this document is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the part of LUFKIN AUTOMATION. No part of this manual may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, for any purpose other than the purchaser's personal use without the written permission of LUFKIN AUTOMATION. Lufkin Well Manager™ is a trademark of Lufkin Automation, Inc. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners and are used for explanation purposes only with no intent to infringe. Copyright © 2016 Lufkin Automation, Inc. All rights reserved.
Limited Warranty Lufkin Automation warrants the Product it manufactures, including all parts and components thereof to be free from defects in material and workmanship. Lufkin Automation will, at its option, either repair or replace such a Product, subject to the conditions of this Limited Warranty. This Limited Warranty commences on the date of shipment of the Product and shall remain in effect for a period of one year except for shop repairs and service repair exchange (SRE) items, which carry a 90-day warranty. This Limited Warranty does not apply if failure is caused or contributed by any of the following: (1) improper handling, storage or installation (2) abuse, (3) unsuitable application of the product, (4) lack of reasonable and necessary maintenance, (5) repairs made or attempted by other than Lufkin Automation, (6) neglect or accident, (7) damage by wind, freezing, lightning, act of God or other cause or (8) damage in transit or during installation. This Limited Warranty applies only to Products that have been installed and maintained in strict accordance with the Lufkin Automation installation procedure and to Products that have been connected to the supply voltage marked on the Product. The Limited Warranty does not apply to any Product on which the serial number has been altered, effaced or removed. Implied warranties, when applicable, shall commence upon the same date as the express warranty provided above, and shall extend only for the duration of the express warranty. Some states do not allow limitation on how long an implied warranty lasts, so the above limitations may not apply to you. The only remedy provided to you under an applicable implied warranty and the express warranty shall be the remedy provided under the express warranty, subject to the terms and conditions contained therein, Lufkin Automation shall not be liable for incidental and consequential loss and damages under the express warranty and applicable implied warranty, or claims for negligence, except to the extent that this limitation is found to be unenforceable under applicable state law. Some states do not allow the exclusion or limitation of incidental or consequential damages so the above limitation or exclusion may not apply to you. Lufkin Automation will repair or replace, at its option, any Product which is found to be defective in material or workmanship. The Limited Warranty does not cover the labor costs of repair or
Lufkin Well Manager™ 2.0 Rod Pump Controller User Manual
replacement of the unit or part unless done at our factory. If you elect to ship the part or Product to Lufkin Automation, authorization to return the Product to the factory must first be obtained from Lufkin Automation and shipping instructions received from Lufkin Automation must be followed. Lufkin Automation is not responsible for the cost of removal of the Product or its components, damage due to removal or any other expenses incurred in shipping the Product or parts to or from the factory or for the installation of the repaired or replacement unit. The owner must bear these expenses and should insure the shipment against loss or damage in transit. This Limited Warranty gives the owner specific legal rights and the owner may also have other rights, which vary from state to state. Lufkin Automation does not authorize any person to create for it, any other obligations of liability in connection with its Product.
Notes, Cautions, and Warnings Notes, cautions, and warnings are used throughout this manual to provide readers with additional information, and to advise the reader to take specific action to protect personnel from potential injury or lethal conditions. They are also used to inform the reader of actions necessary to prevent equipment damage. Please pay close attention to these messages.
Notes provide useful information and tips that can make the operator’s job easier.
The caution symbol indicates that potential damage to equipment or injury to personnel exists. Extreme care should be taken when performing operations or procedures preceded by this caution symbol.
The warning symbol indicates a definite risk of equipment damage or danger to personnel. Failure to observe and follow proper procedures could result in serious or fatal injury to personnel, significant property loss, or significant equipment damage.
Illustrations and Photographs The illustrations and photographs in this manual provide graphical examples of equipment and software screens. These examples are not intended to represent every possible situation and will vary in appearance to the actual equipment and screens.
Safety Guidelines Caution: Only qualified service technicians should install, operate, or repair this system.
Observe the safety precautions listed below and all safety precautions provided throughout this manual. Following these precautions will protect you and others from injury or death and prevent equipment damage and environmental impact.
• Follow all customer safety guidelines. • Park vehicles upwind of the wellhead. Stand upwind when installing or dismantling equipment.
Warning: Hydrogen sulfide gas (H2S) may be present in high concentrations. You
equipment with you and practice all recommended safety precautions when working around wellheads.
Lufkin Well Manager™ 2.0 Rod Pump Controller User Manual
• Live or discharging electrical equipment poses an electrocution hazard. Read the following warnings before attempting any work around the controller enclosure:
Warning: You MUST turn off power to the enclosure and follow proper lockout/tagout procedures before opening the controller enclosure. Failure to heed this warning can result in severe injury or death.
Warning: Capacitors can retain a lethal voltage up to 10 minutes after power has been shut off. While verifying lockedout equipment, you must allow sufficient time for complete discharge of capacitors.
Warning: If it is necessary to work on or around live electrical equipment, you must wear electrical hot gloves, a blast shield, and fire-retardant clothing in addition to regular PPE. Failure to do so could result in severe injury or death.
• Before leaving the location, return all wellhead equipment to normal operating positions.
Technical Support Assistance is available when needed from Lufkin Automation Technical Support Services at (281) 495-1100, Monday through Friday, between 8:00 A.M. and 5:00 P.M., Central Standard Time. To help us answer your question as quickly as possible, please have all information that applies to your problem readily available. Write down or print out any onscreen messages you get when the problem occurs, and have your manual with you when you call.
System Overview Section Overview . 2-3 System Description. 2-3 Operation Modes. 2-4 Communication Protocol . 2-8
Operator Interface . 2-9 Keypad . 2-9 LCD Display . 2-10 Control Parameter Programming . 2-12
Mobile Display Options . 2-13 Laptop Computers . 2-13 Smartphones and Tablets . 2-18
Internal System Components . 2-19 Communication Gateway . 2-20 Controller Module . 2-21 HMI Module . 2-22 Remote Communication Device . 2-22 Power Supply . 2-22 Terminal Blocks . 2-23
Digital Transducers. 2-23 Polished Rod Load Cell . 2-23 Hall-Effect Transducers. 2-23
Lufkin Well Manager™ 2.0 Rod Pump Controller User Manual
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Section Overview This section describes the major components of the Lufkin Well Manager™ 2.0 rod pump controller system and their functions.
System Description The Lufkin Well Manager™ 2.0 rod pump controller is a pre-programmed device mounted at the wellsite that gathers, processes, stores, and analyzes either analog data obtained from load and position transducers or digital data obtained from motor RPM and crank arm sensors. This controller uses the data from these input devices to monitor and control the operation of a pumping unit and to display graphic data on an LCD display or portable laptop computer in a format easy to understand.
Figure 2-1. Lufkin Well Manager 2.0 Field Controller
The Lufkin Well Manager (LWM) 2.0 controller receives information from the input devices to determine whether sufficient fluid is present in the well bore. If the control unit determines that the well is in a pumped off condition, the control unit turns off the motor control output to stop the pumping unit and places the pumping unit into a downtime mode. Downtime mode allows fluid to flow back into the well bore. After downtime elapses, the control unit turns on the motor control output to start the pumping unit again. In VSD mode, the controller uses the data input to calculate a dynagraph card and analyzes that card to determine the percent fill of the pump barrel. The speed of the pumping unit is continuously varied in order to maintain optimum pump fillage. Secondary control functions protect the drive system and the pumping unit equipment in the event of abnormal loads due to sticking pump, floating rod string, mechanical equipment failure, etc. The LWM 2.0 controller also uses this information to detect malfunctions and problems with the pumping unit and the load and position input devices. Current information about pumping activity can be obtained on demand. Historical data at the wellsite can also be obtained at any time, and this data can be plotted and produced on reports.
Lufkin Well Manager™ 2.0 Rod Pump Controller User Manual
Operation Modes The LWM 2.0 controller has three rod pump control operation modes:
• Host: The controller starts and stops the pumping unit based on a user command. This mode is primarily intended for use with a SCADA system. A Host Mode Off global command can be issued by the SCADA program to shut down specific wells and keep them shut down until the operator decides to re-start them. In Host mode, a minimum control capability for peak and minimum load and for end devicechecking is available.
• Timed: The controller cycles the pumping unit off and on for a user-programmed On Time and Off Time. This mode is used to temporarily continue cycling a well at an historical on/off pattern until repairs can be made to a faulty load or position input device. Timed mode also provides a minimum control capability for peak and minimum load and for end device-checking.
• Normal: This mode is “normally” the operating mode of choice, and can include the following features:
Primary control functions Pump off control actions Load and position options Malfunction control functions
These normal operating mode features are described on the following pages.
Primary Control Functions The basic purpose of the LWM 2.0 controller is to determine when the fluid level in the wellbore is pumped down to the point where pump intake pressure is no longer sufficient to completely fill the pump barrel with fluid during the upstroke. Incompletely filling the pump barrel reduces the efficiency of the pumping operation and the resulting “fluid pound” causes extra wear and tear on pumps, rods, tubing, and surface equipment. The normal desire of an operator is to pump all of the fluid available, which typically results in the pumping unit system being designed with more lift capacity than required. Overcapacity will in time draw the fluid level down to the point where the pump is no longer completely filled and “fluid pound” occurs. This means the well is pumped off. The LWM 2.0 controller can use one of two methods to detect a pumped-off condition:
• Percent pump fillage: This method is based on a downhole pump card using polished rod load and position inputs, and is the most accurate of the three methods. It is capable of controlling problem wells that surface control might have trouble evaluating. Accurate data for pumping unit dimensions and rod string design does need to be programmed in the controller. The downhole control selection also includes fluid load information.
• Single setpoint control: This method is based on a surface dynagraph card using polished rod load and position inputs, and is easier to use for simple well control. However, several factors make the surface dynagraph more difficult to analyze in some wells, and many of the more sophisticated analysis aids provided with the downhole control method are not available.
Pump Off Control Actions When a pumped off condition is detected, the LWM 2.0 controller is capable of either cycling off the well or adjusting a speed control output to a variable speed drive.
• On/Off Cycle Control: Setting the proper downtime or idle time is as important as setting the proper pumped off limit. Downtime can be programmed by the operator based on experience or production tests. The LWM 2.0 controller also offers an auto downtime feature to help determine the optimum downtime for a given well. The auto downtime algorithm steps through a series of incrementing downtime steps and records the average pumping time for each step. The resulting “build up” curve is analyzed to find the knee indicating that fluid level in the wellbore is approaching the static level and then an optimum downtime is selected.
• Variable Speed Control: The LWM 2.0 control algorithm adjusts an analog output to maintain a desired pump fill level. The variable speed function is compatible with both the downhole pump card control method and the surface card control method. Optional analog output hardware is required. When a pumped off condition is detected, the LWM 2.0 controller is capable of cycling off the well as needed. Downtime can be programmed by the operator based on experience or production tests. The LWM 2.0 controller also offers an auto downtime feature to help determine the optimum downtime for a given well. The auto downtime algorithm steps through a series of incrementing downtime steps and records the average pumping time for each step. The resulting “build up” curve is analyzed to find the knee indicating that fluid level in the wellbore is approaching the static level and then an optimum downtime is selected.
Load and Position Input Options The LWM 2.0 controller is designed to accept load and position data from a number of input devices. A polished rod load cell provides the load input. Position input is a digital signal from two Hall-Effect transducers, one sensing motor RPM and the other sensing the crank arm. Any combination of load and position can be used, but there are preferred combinations for best results for the selected pump off control method. Some of the secondary malfunction type controls are not available with some combinations of inputs. Refer to the section titled “Digital Transducers” on page 2-23 for details on these input devices.
Malfunction Control Functions The LWM 2.0 controller performs many secondary control functions to detect pumping equipment malfunction and to help protect equipment against further damage in the event of an equipment failure. The LWM 2.0 controller also checks for malfunctioning signal input devices. The LWM 2.0 controller allows for a programmable number of re-tries when a malfunction event occurs. On the first occurrence, the LWM 2.0 controller shuts off the pumping unit for the programmed downtime, and then re-tries by starting the pumping unit again. If the condition has cleared, the LWM 2.0 controller clears the consecutive count and continues with usual operation. If the condition continues for the programmed number of re-tries, the LWM 2.0 controller shuts down the pumping unit in a malfunction state that requires the operator to solve the problem and return the pumping system to a pumping state. Malfunction control features can be individually enabled or disabled. The malfunction controls include:
Lufkin Well Manager™ 2.0 Rod Pump Controller User Manual
• Malfunction Setpoint: Shuts down the well if surface load on the upstroke falls below the Malfunction setpoint for the programmed number of consecutive strokes. Pumping equipment failures are detected, such as rod parts or the traveling valve not closing. Load and position inputs are required.
• Peak Load: Shuts down the well if the polished rod load exceeds an allowed peak load. Requires load input.
• Minimum Load: Shuts down the well if the polished rod load falls below a allowed minimum load. A load input is required.
• Low Motor RPM: The LWM 2.0 controller will shut down the pumping unit if the measured motor RPM drops below an allowed low limit. This feature provides protection against stuck pump conditions with quicker response than peak load detection. A Hall-Effect position input is required.
• No Crank: Detects the loss of the crank arm Hall-Effect switch input. Without this input, the LWM 2.0 controller has very limited capabilities, so this is treated as a malfunction condition to call operator attention to the need for repairs. This function is only available with the Hall-Effect position input.
• No RPM: Detects the loss of the motor RPM Hall-Effect switch input. Without this input, the LWM 2.0 controller has very limited capabilities, so this is treated as a malfunction condition to call operator attention to the need for repairs. It is only available with the Hall-Effect position input.
• Belt Slippage: The LWM 2.0 controller counts the number of motor revolutions each pump stroke. If that number rises above a set reference by more than an allowed percentage, an alarm flag is set to alert the operator to possible belt slippage. No control action is taken. A Hall-Effect position input is required.
• Peak Torque: Shuts down the well if the calculated maximum torque for a stroke exceeds the allowed limit. The LWM 2.0 controller calculates torque from a speed/torque curve for the pumping unit prime mover and digital inputs for motor shaft RPM and crank arm cycles. A HallEffect position input is required. It is available with either surface or downhole control method.
• Peak PRHP (Polished Rod Horsepower) Limit (lbs): When this value exceeds the allowed limit, the controller sets an alert flag to advise the operator that a paraffin treatment may be required. This value is a high limit. See “Operational Limits Configuration” on page 8-24 for information on configuring these setpoints.
Fluid Pound Avoidance Fluid pound occurs in a pumping oil well when the pump is not completely filling with fluid on the upstroke. As the downstroke begins, the entire fluid and rod string load moves down through a void until the plunger hits the fluid level in the pump barrel. The traveling valve opens, suddenly transferring the load to the tubing, causing a sharp decrease in load, which transmits a shock wave through the pumping system. It is this shock wave that damages the parts of the pumping system. Figure 2-2 illustrates a fluid pound scenario and the effect it has on the pumping system.
Figure 2-2. Fluid Pound Scenario
The fluid pound avoidance (FPA) control algorithm feature uses the ability of a Variable Speed Drive (VSD) to modulate the speed of the prime mover within one stroke to reduce the effects that fluid pound conditions have on the pumping system. The FPA velocity profile slowly reduces the plunger velocity just as the plunger encounters the fluid in the barrel of the pump to reduce the relative velocity between the plunger and the fluid. This results in a mitigation/reduction of the shock loading that the system experiences. Figure 2-3 depicts the FPA intra-stroke velocity command profile.
Figure 2-3. FPA Intra-Stroke Velocity Command Profile
Lufkin Well Manager™ 2.0 Rod Pump Controller User Manual
To avoid loss in production due to the reduction of speed to mitigate fluid pound, the controller with its adaptive control process will compensate by increasing the speed to make up the loss of SPM. This action allows the overall SPM to be as close as possible to the target/planned SPM of the cycle. Figure 3 depicts the LWM 2.0 advance analysis and adaptive control process involved in addressing the well fluid pound condition.
Figure 2-4. LWM 2.0 Fluid Pound Avoidance Process
Communication Protocol The LWM 2.0 controller uses Modbus-based communications protocol, and also offers the advantages of the Extended Lufkin Automation Modbus (ELAM) protocol for SCADA software packages that goes beyond the limitations of conventional Modbus. All of the configuration, status, and historical data available at the local keypad interface are also available via data telemetry link to SCADA software.
Operator Interface Several parameters need to be defined to program the LWM 2.0. Programming is done through the local operator interface, which consists of a full-function LCD graphics display and 32-key keypad. This operator interface is menu-driven.
Screen Function Buttons
Screen Function Buttons
Menu Function Buttons
Figure 2-5. Operator Interface
Keypad The 32-key keypad shown in Figure 2-5 is mounted on the front of the controller’s enclosure. It allows the operator to program and calibrate the controller and access a large amount of well data. The following table shows a description of each key’s function on the keypad. Keypad Functions Item
These buttons control the screen functions displayed on the sides and bottom of the screens.
These buttons control the menu functions displayed on the bottom of every screen.
SOP and ERR lamps 0–9
These lamps are not used in this system. The numerical buttons are used to input parameter values on the programming screens.
Lufkin Well Manager™ 2.0 Rod Pump Controller User Manual
Keypad Functions (Continued) Item
This button is not used in this release.
Displays the Main Menu screen.
This button displays help messages associated with the active screen. (These will be available in a later release.)
Press these buttons to change setpoint position or cursor location in the direction specified by the arrow key. They can also be used to scroll available options in several programming screen fields. The alternate commands (HOME, BACK, AND FWD) are not used in this release.
Confirms a correct entry when changing programming data. When this key is pressed, data is updated.
Voids an incorrect numerical entry if is not pressed.
Displays the previously displayed menu. Cancels any changes made on the current screen if is not pressed.
LCD Display The LWM 2.0 user interface is menu-driven. All menus and screens are shown on the LCD display. The Main Menu screen (Figure 2-6) is the first screen that appears after the controller is turned on and the initialization process is completed. This screen can be accessed from any screen by pressing the Main Menu button.
Current Date & Time
Current Well State
Wi-Fi Status Operation Status
Language Options Menu Functions Figure 2-6. Main Menu Screen
Status Information The following system status information is displayed at the top of every screen:
• Current date and time • Current well state of the controller
Note: Refer to “Well State Descriptions” on page 12-4 for more information about each well state.
• Alarm Status: This icon indicates an active alarm condition. • Wi-Fi Enabled: This icon indicates that the Wi-Fi network is active. • Operation Status: This icon indicates the current operation status of the pumping unit: • Green (Blinking): Indicates normal pumping operation. • Amber: Indicates a downtime well state. • Red: Indicates a system malfunction. Additional icons may be visible during certain situations. These are listed in the table below. Additional Status Icons Icon
Description Indicates an established VSD connection. (Displayed in white.) This icon indicates a USB logging session is in progress. (Displayed in white.) Indicates an alert condition is present. (Displayed in yellow.)
Indicates that the alternate keypad characters are enabled.
Indicates that the VSD inverter has been bypassed.
Buttons The buttons at the bottom of the screen provide access to the top level menu screens. These buttons are available on every screen. The buttons on the sides of the screen provide access to specific screen functions and additional screens.
Lufkin Well Manager™ 2.0 Rod Pump Controller User Manual
Language Selection The LWM 2.0 screens can be displayed in three different languages:
• English • Chinese • Spanish To change the screen language, use the left or right arrow keys to select the desired language and then press .
Control Parameter Programming Control parameters are edited (programmed) on a data field basis. To program a parameter, press the arrow keys to highlight the desired parameter field, press , and then choose one of the following methods:
• To select an option from a drop-down list, use the arrow keys to highlight the desired option and then press again.
• When the parameter is a numerical entry, use the number keys to enter the desired value and then press again. When parameter values are changed, the green Discard and Save buttons will appear at the bottom of the screen as shown in Figure 2-7.
Figure 2-7. Menu Bar with Discard and Save Buttons
Press the Save button to save the programming change or the Discard button to discard the change. The Discard and Save buttons will then be replaced with the Previous and Next buttons. After all parameters are correctly programmed on the screen, you can do either of the following to exit from the screen:
• Press the Main Menu button to return to the Main Menu screen. • Press to move up one level in the menu tree.
Mobile Display Options The LWM 2.0 controller provides options for viewing controller data on other devices such as laptop computers, smartphones, or tablets. Instructions for connecting these devices are discussed below.
Laptop Computers Laptop computers can connect to the LWM 2.0 controller using an Ethernet cable or Wi-Fi. Once connected, the user can view and make changes to the controller screens with a compatible Internet browser.
Note: The LWM 2.0 controller screens are best viewed using the Google Chrome browser.
Connecting a Single Laptop through Ethernet To connect a single laptop computer using an Ethernet cable, perform the following steps: 1. Plug the Ethernet cable into the Ethernet port on the front of the controller. 2. Plug the other end of the cable into the Ethernet port on the computer. 3. Open an Internet browser window and type 172.16.0.2/index.php into the location field. (This is the default Ethernet IP address of the controller.) The controller’s Main Menu screen should appear as shown in Figure 2-8.
Figure 2-8. Main Menu Screen
Lufkin Well Manager™ 2.0 Rod Pump Controller User Manual
Connecting Two Laptops through Ethernet The LWM 2.0 controller has additional Ethernet ports available on the communication gateway module inside the enclosure. These ports can be used for connecting two laptop computers to the controller. If more than one laptop computer is connected to the controller, each computer must have a different IP address. Perform the following steps to change one computer’s IP address: 1. Click StartControl Panel to display the Control Panel window shown in Figure 2-9.
Figure 2-9. Control Panel Window
2. In the Control Panel window, click the View network status and tasks link to display the Network and Sharing Center window shown in Figure 2-10.
Figure 2-10. Network and Sharing Center Window
3. The Ethernet connection to the controller will be labeled as Unidentified Network. Click the Local Area Connection link next to this label to display the Local Area Connection Status window shown in Figure 2-11.
Figure 2-11. Local Area Connection Status Window
4. In the Local Area Connection Status window, click Properties to display the Local Area Connection Properties window shown in Figure 2-12.
Lufkin Well Manager™ 2.0 Rod Pump Controller User Manual
Figure 2-12. Local Area Connection Properties Window
5. In the Local Area Connection Properties window, click Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/ IPv4) and then click Properties.
Figure 2-13. Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) Properties Window
6. In the window that appears, double-click the last two digits in the IP address field. Type a different value in this field and then click OK. 7. Click OK to close the Local Area Connection Properties window. 8. Click Close to close the Local Area Connection Status window. 9. Close the Network and Sharing Center window.
Connecting a Laptop Computer through Wi-Fi To connect a laptop computer using Wi-Fi, perform the following steps:
Note: These instructions assume that the laptop computer is using a Windows 7 operating system or later.
1. Click the network symbol in the lower right corner of the computer screen as shown below. Network Symbol
Figure 2-14. Windows Network Symbol
2. In the pop-up window that appears, click the SSID for your controller and then click Connect.
Figure 2-15. Available Wi-Fi Network List Window
Note: To automatically connect to the controller whenever it is in range, keep the Connect automatically box checked. Otherwise, uncheck this box.
3. In the window that appears next, type the network key and then click OK.
Lufkin Well Manager™ 2.0 Rod Pump Controller User Manual
Figure 2-16. Network Security Key Pop-Up Window
The network connection is established after a few seconds. 4. Open an Internet browser window and type 192.168.102.15/index.php into the location field. (This is the default Wi-Fi IP address of the controller.) The controller’s Main Menu screen should appear as shown in Figure 2-8 on page 2-13.
Smartphones and Tablets To connect a mobile device such as a smartphone or a tablet, perform the following steps:
Apple Devices 1. Tap the Settings icon to open the Settings screen. 2. Tap the Wi-Fi icon to open the Wi-Fi screen. 3. Tap the Wi-Fi toggle switch to turn on Wi-Fi and then select the SSID for your controller from the Choose a Network list. 4. Type the controller’s Wi-Fi password and then press Connect. 5. After the connection has been established, tap the Safari icon and type 192.168.102.15/ index.php into the Location field. The Main Menu screen will be displayed on the screen.
Android Devices 1. Tap the Wi-Fi button to open the Wi-Fi screen. 2. From the list of available networks, tap the SSID for your controller. 3. Type the controller’s Wi-Fi password and then press Connect. 4. After the connection has been established, open a browser window and type 192.168.102.15/ index.php into the Location field. The Main Menu screen will be displayed on the screen.
Internal System Components The internal system components in the LWM 2.0 controller are as follows:
• Communication Gateway Module • Controller Module • • • •
HMI Module Remote communication device (optional) Power Supply Terminal Blocks
Figure 2-17 shows the location of these components. Remote Communication Device (optional)
Power Supply Terminal Blocks
Communication Gateway Module Figure 2-17. LWM 2.0 Controller Internal Components
These components are discussed in the following paragraphs.
Lufkin Well Manager™ 2.0 Rod Pump Controller User Manual
Communication Gateway The Communication Gateway Module (GE Part # IS420CCGAH2A-A), mounted on the door inside the LWM 2.0 controller enclosure, is a Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) that provides communication options for the Modbus devices used in this system. This module relays all keypad and SCADA commands to the controller module through a dedicated Ethernet port (ENET0) and displays the controller data on the HMI screen. (See “Controller Module” on page 2-21 for details on the controller module.)
Figure 2-18. Communication Gateway Module
The communication gateway module also has the following connectivity options:
One USB port One MicroSD Card slot Four Ethernet ports One RS232 serial port One RS485 serial port Built-in Wi-Fi router Remote communication device (Not available in this release.)
Refer to the CCGA Communication Gateway Instructions for GE Lufkin document (GE Document # GEK-SA-1045) for details on this module.
Controller Module The controller module is a GE Mark* VIe UCPA controller platform (GE Part # IS420UCPAH2A-A) that runs the control logic functions for the pumping system. This module has both integral I/O capabilities and can communicate with external I/O packs through a simplex I/O network. The UCPA controller is mounted on the back panel inside the LWM 2.0 enclosure. Figure 2-19 shows the controller module. Crank RPM Status Lamp Motor RPM Status Lamp 12VDC Power Input
Controller Status Lamp Ethernet Ports
Digital I/O Status Lamps
Expanded I/O Terminals
Base I/O Terminals
Ground Buss Figure 2-19. Controller Module
The components of this module are described below:
• 12VDC Power Input: Power is supplied to the controller at this input. • Serial Port: This port is for Engineering use only. • Digital I/O Status Lamps: These lamps indicate the status of each digital input/output channel. The default assignments for each channel are as follows:
• D1 – Indicates the MCC (Motor Control Center) is active. • D2 – Indicates a hardware fault has occurred. • D3 – Indicates a motor start alert.
Lufkin Well Manager™ 2.0 Rod Pump Controller User Manual
D4 – Indicates a malfunction error in the pumping system. D5 – Indicates the HOA switch is in Hand position. D6 – Indicates the HOA switch is in Auto position. D7 – Indicates an ESD (Emergency Shutdown) has occurred. D8 – Not used
These channel assignments can be disabled and reassigned to other digital input/output devices as needed.
• PLS1 (Pulse 1): This is the Motor RPM status lamp. It blinks rapidly when a signal is being received from the Hall-Effect transducer mounted on the motor shaft.
• PLS2 (Pulse 2): This is the Crank RPM status lamp. It blinks rapidly when a signal is being received from the Hall-Effect transducer mounted on the crank arm speed.
• ATTN: This is the controller status lamp. It indicates the status of the controller’s processor during operation. When no problems are detected, this lamp flashes green during normal operation. When a problem is detected, the lamp flashes red.
• Ethernet Ports: These ports are used to connect the controller module with other system components (such as the communication module).
• Base I/O Terminals: These terminals are used for connecting the pumping system’s main digital input/output devices.
• Expanded I/O Terminals: These terminals provide additional inputs for connecting other system input/output devices.
• Ground Buss: Used as a ground point for all input/output devices. Refer to the Mark* VIe Controller UCPA Instruction Guide (GE Document # GEI-100719) for more details on this controller module.
HMI Module This module connects the LCD display and keypad to the communication gateway module. See “Operator Interface” on page 2-9 for more information on the LCD display and keypad.
Remote Communication Device An optional remote communication device can be added to the enclosure for long-range wireless communication. More information on this module will be added later.
Power Supply All LWM 2.0 controllers use a power supply for converting AC power to 12VDC power. This power supply has an input range of 100 – 240VAC, 50/60 Hz, and 240W.
Terminal Blocks Terminal blocks are provided for field termination of all transmitter leads, including individual shield termination points. The terminal blocks are front-access compression-clip type, so the field leads do not require crimp lugs.
Digital Transducers The LWM 2.0 controller is designed to work with input signals for polished rod load and surface stroke position. The polished rod load cell and Hall-Effect transducer combination is preferred for downhole percent fillage control and in-depth analysis of the pump cards when accurate surface dynagraph data needs to be obtained. These transducers are discussed below.
Polished Rod Load Cell The polished rod load cell (PRLC) is a load input transducer that is used to measure the polished rod load. A low-level load signal is generated by the PRLC and transmitted through a cable to the controller. In the LWM 2.0 controller, the load signal is amplified and conditioned for use. The PRLC provides a quantitative measurement of the load on the rod string. It is mounted on top of the carrier bar under the rod clamp. The PRLC directly measures the weight of the rod string and fluid column on the pump plunger. A spherical washer set between the PRLC and the carrier bar ensures concentric loading even if the carrier bar is tilted. It is available in full load ratings of 30K or 50K pounds. It is the most accurate of the two load options and requires no field calibration during installation. Disadvantages are that a long working loop is required for the signal cable, damage to the device by service crews is possible, and loss of accuracy due to fluid pound or floating rods is possible.
Hall-Effect Transducers Hall-Effect transducers are magnetic sensors that sense the passage of magnets mounted on the motor shaft and the pumping unit crank arm. The LWM 2.0 controller uses these two digital inputs and pumping unit dimension data to calculate polished rod position. Two Hall-Effect transducers are used in this system. One transducer measures precise motor speed and the second transducer marks the crank arm passage at the bottom of each stroke. These two digital signals, coupled with user-entered precise pumping unit dimensional data, allow the controller to accurately calculate surface stroke position. As additional advantages, they can monitor for belt slippage, and instantaneously shut down the pumping unit when a “locked rotor” equipment failure occurs. Their disadvantages are that proper alignment must be maintained between the sensor and magnets, and pumping unit dimensional data must be entered during installation and commissioning.
Lufkin Well Manager™ 2.0 Rod Pump Controller User Manual
Technical Specifications Section Overview . 3-3 Enclosure. 3-3 Environmental Operating Range . 3-3 Power Requirements . 3-3 Communication Gateway and HMI . 3-4 Mark VIe GP Controller with Local I/O. 3-5 Certifications . 3-6
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Section Overview This section lists all the technical specifications for the Lufkin Well Manager Field Controller.
Enclosure The enclosure specifications are listed below: Enclosure Type:
NEMA4X polycarbon or steel enclosure, hinged door with lockable hasp.
15.32 inch (38.9 cm)
13.31 inch (33.8 cm)
6.70 inch (17.0 cm)
Approximately 22 lbs (10 kg) including controller, operator interface, and data radio
Caution: The Lufkin Well Manager 2.0 controller is not rated for hazardous area use.
Environmental Operating Range The Lufkin Well Manager 2.0’s environmental operating range is as follows: Operating Temperature:
-40° to +158° F (-40° to +70° C) without optional LCD. With LCD, de-rate the maximum to +140° F (+60° C).
Power Requirements Primary power to the switching power supply:
100 to 240VAC, 50/60 Hz.
Rated for 240 Watts continuous.
Fuse AC input line:
3.15 amps, Slo-Blo
Lufkin Well Manager™ 2.0 Rod Pump Controller User Manual
Communication Gateway and HMI Processor
TI AM3354 32-bit ARM processor, 600MHz
512MB DDR3 RAM 1GB on-board flash
-40°C to +70°C, 5 TO 95% non-conductive
Battery backup for RTC, 6 yrs
External Memory Storage
1 USB port 1 MicroSD Card Slot for firmware upgrade, configuration downloading and uploading event records
4 Ethernet ports, 10/100 Mbps 1 RS232 Serial Port (RJ12) 1 RS485 Serial Port (pluggable screw terminal) Serial Protocols: Modbus master/slave RTU Ethernet protocols: Modbus TCP client/server, EGD Wireless options: Wifi, 3G CMDA/GSM via mPCIe site.
Gateway Configuration: ControlST/Toolbox ST Operating System: Embedded Linux (Well Manager / Comm Gateway)
LCD / Keypad Support
Supports Lufkin 640x480 TFT Display (LT065AC57500 or equiv) Lufkin custom keypad for LWM 2.0 controller
Operating voltage: 9V – 16V DC, nominal 12V DC Power consumption: 12.2 Watts (estimated)
158mm X 137mm X 34mm
Mark VIe GP Controller with Local I/O Processor
Freescale 3308 processor, 332 MHz, (BPPC based controller)
64 MB RAM 256 MB on-board flash 32 KB NVRAM
-40° C to +70° C, 5 TO 95% non-conductive
2 Ethernet ports, 10/100 Mbps, Enet1 for UDH, Enet2 for IONet IO expansion Ethernet protocols: EGD, Modbus TCP slave, NTP Server
Controller Configuration: ControlST/Toolbox ST Operating System: QNX (Mark VIe Controller)
Discrete inputs (DI)
Up to 8 DIOs. Four 12VDC digital inputs or digital outputs on base controller and four additional 12VDC digital inputs or digital outputs with option expansion IO board. 4-16V IO (4Vmin for input hi, 1Vmax for input lo, 16VDC max in). Up to 500mA sink on Digital Outputs. Accumulates counts, frequency up to 500Hz.
Discrete outputs (DO) Analog Inputs (AI)
2 Analog Inputs in base controller Programmable Gain: 1 to 128 Voltage In: 0V to 5V gain 1. -39mV to 39mV gain 128. Current (option Channel 2): 0 to 20mA, 4 to 20mA Accuracy: 0.1% of full range 6 additional Analog Inputs on option expansion board Voltage In: 0V to 5V, fixed gain 1. Current (option channels 6, 7, & 8): 0 to 20mA, 4 to 20mA Accuracy: 0.1% of full range
Analog Outputs (AO)
2 Analog Outputs on Controller optional expansion board Voltage: 0 to 10V Current: 0 to 20mA, 4 to 20mA Accuracy: 0.3% of full range
2 Pulse Inputs 20mA sink current required, 5V DC source provided (for Hall Effect sensor) Accumulates counts & measures Time between pulses, frequency up to 1kHz
Expansion IO via Mark VIe I/O packs and I/O Net. Options include Contact Input, Contact Output, Analog IO, Thermocouple, and RTD.
Operating voltage: 9V – 16V DC, nominal 12V DC Power consumption: 4 watts
162 mm X 115 mm X 72 mm
Base Mount, option to add Din Rail Mounting
Lufkin Well Manager™ 2.0 Rod Pump Controller User Manual
Certifications The following certifications are current as of November, 2015:
• Conforms to UL STD 508A certified to CSA STD C22.2 No. 14 (Certified by Intertek/ETL C/US under Right to Mark 3188006)
RoHS 2 directive (2011/65/EU) compliant Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive (WEEE) 2002/96/EC Compliant NEMA 4 Enclosure: NEMA 4X Polycarbonate IEC61010-1 US/CAN: This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:
• This device may not cause harmful interference. • This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.
• Wi-Fi equipped controllers: • Contains Transmitter Module FCC ID: TFB-TIWI1-01 • Contains Transmitter Module IC: 5969A-TIWI101
Note: This device may be used in mobile-only configurations in which the antennas used for this transmitter must be installed to provide a separation distance of at least 20 cm from all personnel and not be co-located with any other transmitters except in accordance with FCC and Industry Canada multitransmitter product procedures.
Installation and Wiring Section Overview . 4-3 System Components . 4-3 Site Selection. 4-3 Installing the Mounting Post . 4-4 Required Tools . 4-4 Installation Procedure . 4-4
Installing the Lufkin Well Manager 2.0 Controller. 4-5 Required Tools . 4-5 Recommended Wiring Specifications. 4-5 Installation Procedure . 4-7
Installing Motor Control Relay and Optional Relays . 4-9 Tools Required . 4-9 Installation Procedure . 4-9
Installing the Polished Rod Load Cell. 4-10 Tools Required . 4-10 Installation Procedure . 4-11
Installing the Motor RPM Hall-Effect Transducer. 4-13 Tools Required . 4-13 Parts Required. 4-13 Installation Procedure . 4-13
Installing the Crank Arm Hall-Effect Transducer . 4-15 Tools Required . 4-15 Installation Procedure . 4-15
Power Wiring . 4-18 System Grounding . 4-18 Signal Wiring . 4-20 Load Cell Cable . 4-21 Hall-Effect Sensor Cables . 4-21 Shielded Cables . 4-21
Relay Wiring . 4-22 Wiring Diagram. 4-22
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Installation and Wiring
Section Overview The Lufkin Well Manager 2.0 system is typically installed inside the power unit enclosure supplied by Lufkin Automation. In case the system requires a separate installation (such as a retrofit), this section provides installation instructions for the Lufkin Well Manager 2.0 system.
Note: This system should only be installed by a qualified technician who has experience working with the motor control box and its high-voltage circuits.
System Components A Lufkin Well Manager 2.0 system installation includes the following system components:
Lufkin Well Manager 2.0 controller
Start Alert safety device (optional)
Telemetry system (optional) Mounting post Motor control relay Auto default relay (optional)
Stepdown transformer Load and position transducers Ground rod
Site Selection When selecting a site for installing the Lufkin Well Manager 2.0 system, keep the following conditions in mind:
• Mount the controller in a location near the pumping system so that it can be easily accessed by the operator.
• Keep the transducer signal wires as short as possible to reduce signal attenuation and extraneous noise that can affect the operation of the control system. Lufkin Automation recommends that the load and position signal cables be a maximum of 300 feet.
Note: If local operational or code requirements dictate that the controller be mounted at the edge of the well pad away from the pumping unit and/or the motor starter panel, contact your Lufkin Automation representative for design assistance.
Lufkin Well Manager™ 2.0 Rod Pump Controller User Manual
• Make sure there is a clear radio signal path from the well to the base radio location. The Yagi antenna for the controller should not point directly at the pumping unit structure.
Installing the Mounting Post WARNING: Be very careful near power cables buried around the motor control box. Striking them will cause serious injury or death.
Make sure that the mounting post structure can support the following:
• 40 pounds if only the controller will be installed • 75 pounds if a radio and antenna system will be included
Required Tools The following tools are required for this procedure:
• Shovel or post hole digger • Ground rod driver • Level
Installation Procedure Follow the steps below to properly mount the mounting post. 1. Place the mounting post near the control panel so that it is convenient for electrical hookup. 2. Use a shovel or post hole digger to dig a hole at least two feet deep with 30 inches being a preferred depth. 3. Place the mounting post in the hole and position it facing outward so that it is accessible to the monitor. 4. Pour concrete in the hole. 5. Use a level to verify that the mounting post is positioned upright. 6. Allow sufficient time for the concrete to cure. 7. Within two feet of the motor starter panel, drive an eight-foot copper grounding rod into the earth, if one is not already present. The mounting post and ground rod are now installed.
Installation and Wiring
Installing the Lufkin Well Manager 2.0 Controller The Lufkin Well Manager 2.0 controller can be used as a stand-alone unit or with an optional radio or wire line interface board as part of a SCADA system. The optional radio or wire line interface board is used to communicate with a master terminal unit (MTU). This section describes how to mount the controller to the mounting post described on page 4-4. Instructions for mounting the controller with a radio communications unit are included in the procedure
Note: If possible, orient the controller so that the LCD display is not subject to prolonged direct sunlight. In the northern hemisphere, this would indicate that the window for LCD viewing should face to the north. This practice will optimize the performance of the LCD.
The required tools and recommended wiring specifications are discussed on the following pages.
One U-bolt with nuts Two wrenches Wire cutters Wire strippers Small flat-bladed (slotted) screwdriver Voltage/ohmmeter (VOM) Slip joint or water pump pliers
Recommended Wiring Specifications Local codes and/or company standard procedures will dictate where conduit or EMT must be used to protect the cable and personnel. The table on the next page lists the recommended wire types that should be used.
Note: Special considerations should be taken for the type of wire used in hazardous or highly corrosive environments.
Lufkin Well Manager™ 2.0 Rod Pump Controller User Manual
Recommended Wire Types Signal Type
